TOEFL iBT explained: the 1–6 score scale and how to prepare

The TOEFL iBT is an English test from ETS used mainly for study and work. Since January 2026 it reports results on a scale from 1 to 6, so older advice based only on the 0–120 number needs a second look. Here is what the official information says and how to turn it into a plan. Our TOEFL preparation path puts the steps in order.

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16Word: the free English level test — A1 to B2 in about 8 minutes, no account needed

What the TOEFL iBT tests

The TOEFL iBT covers reading, listening, writing and speaking, and the official content page describes each section. It is taken on a computer, at a test centre or at home.

The 1–6 scale, and why the old number still appears

ETS moved the TOEFL iBT to a 1–6 scale in January 2026. For a transition period of two years, a 0–120 equivalent is shown as well. That matters because many university pages were written before the change. If a page gives only a 0–120 figure, ask the admissions office how it reads the new scale.

Never convert a requirement yourself using a table from an unofficial site. Ask the institution, or use ETS's own information.

There is no pass mark

Nobody passes or fails the TOEFL iBT. Each institution sets the score it asks for, so your target comes from its requirements. Note the overall score and any minimum for a single section.

How long a score lasts

A TOEFL iBT score is valid for two years. Count backwards from your application deadline, leaving room to take the test again if your first score falls short.

Turning this into a plan

  1. Find the score your institution asks for, and write it down in the scale it uses.
  2. Take a free English level test to measure your starting point.
  3. Learn 16 words a day. Academic reading depends on vocabulary more than on any test trick.
  4. Practise typing short answers to a time limit, because the test is taken on a computer.
  5. Use the official preparation material to learn the question types.
  6. When your practice results are near your target, follow the official registration steps.

Computer skills count too

Working on a screen changes how you read and write. Practise reading long texts on a screen, taking notes while listening, and typing without looking for keys. Doing these things for the first time on test day costs points that have nothing to do with your English.

Know your level first

The free level test takes about eight minutes. Your path then starts where you really are, not at page one.

16Word's paths stop at B2 and do not imitate the TOEFL format. Use them to build recall and vocabulary, and ETS's material for the test itself.

Still deciding? IELTS, TOEFL, PTE or Cambridge lays the four exams side by side, and free official sample papers lists the practice material for each exam we cover.

Keep exploring

Every exam below has its own preparation page on 16Word.

The other language exams

More guides on language exams

Related guides and free level tests

TOEFL iBT: frequently asked questions

What is the TOEFL score scale now?

Since January 2026 the TOEFL iBT uses a scale from 1 to 6, with a 0–120 equivalent shown for a two-year transition.

What is a passing TOEFL score?

There is none. Each institution sets the score it asks for.

How long is a TOEFL score valid?

Two years.

Can I take the TOEFL iBT at home?

Yes. It is offered on a computer at a test centre or at home. Check that your institution accepts the home option.

Where can I find official TOEFL practice?

ETS publishes preparation material on its website.

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